Hematite

Hardness of 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale. Metallic to dull sub-metallic luster. Color ranges from dark steel-gray, metallic black, to reddish-brown. Characterized by a distinctive rust-red streak.

Formed as a secondary mineral through weathering processes in soil or sedimentary rocks, as well as in banded iron formations and thermal hot springs.

Primary ore of iron, used in steelmaking, pigments for paints and cosmetics, radiation shielding, and as a popular semi-precious stone for jewelry and carvings.

The name hematite is derived from the Greek word 'haima', meaning blood, due to the red color of its powder and streak. Hematite is also abundant on Mars, giving the Red Planet its color.

Identify in the field using a streak test on unglazed porcelain, which leaves a characteristic reddish-brown line regardless of the specimen's exterior color. Commonly found near old mining sites, iron formations, and riverbeds.