mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale. Color: Steel gray, black, reddish-brown. Luster: Metallic to submetallic or earthy. Crystal structure: Trigonal. Streak: Cherry-red to reddish-brown. Specific gravity: 5.3

Hardness: 5
Color: Steel gray, black, reddish-brown
Luster: Metallic to submetallic or earthy

Identified August 5, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms in diverse environments, principally hydrothermal veins, sedimentary iron formations, and as a weathering product of other iron-bearing rocks. Geological age spans from Precambrian banded iron formations to modern sedimentary environments.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron; used in heavy media separation, radiation shielding, pigment production, polishing compounds, and occasionally in jewelry and ornaments.

Geological facts

Hematite is the most important ore of iron. Its distinctive reddish-brown streak is the most reliable diagnostic field test. It is also found on Mars, contributing to the planet's characteristic red color.

Field identification & locations

Easily identified by its characteristic reddish-brown streak, metallic luster on fresh surfaces, and high specific gravity (feels heavy for its size). Found globally, with massive deposits in Australia, Brazil, China, and the USA.