mineral

Hematite

Hematite (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale, Color: Steel-gray, black, reddish-brown, Luster: Metallic to sub-metallic or earthy, Crystal structure: Trigonal, Cleavage: None, Specific Gravity: 5.26

Hardness: 5

Identified August 1, 2026More mineral →

Explore Hematite in the encyclopedia →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale, Color: Steel-gray, black, reddish-brown, Luster: Metallic to sub-metallic or earthy, Crystal structure: Trigonal, Cleavage: None, Specific Gravity: 5.26

Formation & geological history

Forms in diverse environments including hydrothermal veins, sedimentary deposits (such as banded iron formations), and as a weathering product of other iron-rich minerals. Geological age spans across multiple eras from Precambrian banded iron formations to modern volcanic deposits.

Uses & applications

Major ore of iron, used in jewelry, decorative items, manufacturing of pigments, radiation shielding, and heavy media separation.

Geological facts

Hematite leaves a distinctive reddish-brown streak when scratched on unglazed porcelain, which is a primary diagnostic feature despite its metallic gray appearance. Its name derives from the Greek word 'haimatitis', meaning blood-like, due to its red color when powdered.

Field identification & locations

Easily identifiable by its heavy weight for its size, metallic luster, and characteristic reddish-brown streak. Found globally with major deposits in Australia, Brazil, China, and the United States.