mineral
Hematite
Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 5.5 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale. Appears dark gray to black with a distinctive metallic to submetallic luster and a reddish-brown streak. Crystal system is rhombohedral.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 5.5 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale. Appears dark gray to black with a distinctive metallic to submetallic luster and a reddish-brown streak. Crystal system is rhombohedral.
Formation & geological history
Forms in diverse geological environments, particularly through hydrothermal processes, sedimentary deposition in marine or lake settings, and as a weathering product of iron-rich rocks. Can date from Precambrian formations up to recent deposits.
Uses & applications
Primary ore of iron for steel production, used in heavy media separation, radiation shielding, and carved into ornamental jewelry or beads.
Geological facts
Hematite is the most important ore of iron worldwide and has been used as a pigment since prehistoric times. It also gives the planet Mars its characteristic rusty-red appearance.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified in the field by its distinct reddish-brown streak when scratched across unglazed porcelain. Commonly found globally, particularly in banded iron formations.
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