mineral

Hematite

Hematite (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale. Color: Steel gray, reddish-brown, or black. Luster: Metallic to submetallic or earthy. Crystal system: Trigonal. Streak: Cherry-red to reddish-brown. Specific gravity: 5.3

Hardness: 5
Color: Steel gray, reddish-brown, or black
Luster: Metallic to submetallic or earthy

Identified August 1, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms in diverse environments including hydrothermal veins, sedimentary deposits, and as an accessory mineral in igneous rocks, often precipitating from iron-rich aqueous solutions.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron, used in steel production, pigment manufacturing, heavy media separation, and in jewelry and ornamental carvings.

Geological facts

Hematite is the most important ore of iron in terms of total quantity produced. It is also found on Mars, where it contributes to the planet's reddish appearance and is found in the form of small spherical concretions dubbed 'blueberries' by NASA's Opportunity rover.

Field identification & locations

Easily identified by its distinctive reddish-brown streak, metallic luster on fresh surfaces, and high density for a dark-colored stone. Widely distributed globally with major deposits in Australia, Brazil, China, and the USA.