mineral

Hematite

Iron Oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale. Color: Metallic dark grey to black, silver-grey, reddish-brown. Luster: Metallic to submetallic. Crystal structure: Trigonal/Hexagonal. Cleavage: None. Specific gravity: 5.26. Features a characteristic reddish-brown streak when scratched against unglazed porcelain.

Hardness: 5
Color: Metallic dark grey to black, silver-grey, reddish-brown
Luster: Metallic to submetallic

Identified July 24, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms as a primary mineral and as a alteration product in sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic rocks. Often precipitates in quiet water environments like lakes and seas as Banded Iron Formations (BIFs).

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron and steel production. Popular for tumbled stones, carvings, beads, magnetic jewelry, and red pigments (ochre).

Geological facts

Hematite is responsible for the red colour of Mars. Despite its cool metallic grey polished surface, its powder and streak are bright rust-red, giving it its name from the Greek word 'haima' for blood.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its high density/heaviness, metallic grey to steel-black appearance, and iconic reddish-brown streak test. Commonly found in Brazil, Australia, China, Russia, South Africa, and the USA (Lake Superior region).