mineral
Hematite
Hematite (Fe2O3)
Hardness of 5.5 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale, metallic to earthy luster, color ranges from dark steel-gray to reddish-brown, crystal structure is trigonal, streak is reddish-brown, specific gravity is approximately 5.3.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 5.5 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale, metallic to earthy luster, color ranges from dark steel-gray to reddish-brown, crystal structure is trigonal, streak is reddish-brown, specific gravity is approximately 5.3.
Formation & geological history
Forms in various environments, notably hydrothermal veins, sedimentary iron formations (banded iron formations), and as a weathering product of other iron-rich rocks. Often associated with ancient aquatic and volcanic environments dating back billions of years.
Uses & applications
Primary ore of iron used for steel production, also used in pigments (ochre), polishing compounds (jeweler's rouge), and carved into beads or ornamental jewelry.
Geological facts
Hematite is the most important ore of iron on Earth. It has also been discovered on Mars by spacecraft, which is the reason Mars appears red from a distance.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified in the field by its distinct reddish-brown streak on an unglazed porcelain plate, high specific gravity (heavy for its size), and magnetic properties when heated or if containing magnetite impurities. Common globally.
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