mineral

Hematite

Hematite (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale. Color: Steel gray, reddish-brown to black. Luster: Metallic to submetallic or earthy. Crystal structure: Trigonal. Cleavage: None, exhibits uneven fracture. Specific gravity: 5.26.

Hardness: 5
Color: Steel gray, reddish-brown to black
Luster: Metallic to submetallic or earthy

Identified August 7, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in various geological environments, predominantly in sedimentary deposition from aqueous solutions, hydrothermal veins, and as an accessory mineral in igneous and metamorphic rocks. Ages range from Precambrian banded iron formations to modern deposits.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron; also used in pigments, jewelry, ornamentation, and heavy media separation.

Geological facts

Hematite is the most important ore of iron worldwide. When finely powdered, it has a reddish color which has been used as a pigment since prehistoric times (ochre).

Field identification & locations

Easily identified by its characteristic reddish-brown streak on an unglazed porcelain streak plate, high specific gravity, and metallic gray to earthy red coloration. Found worldwide, especially in large banded iron formations.