mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5; Color: Steel-gray to black with reddish-brown oxidation; Luster: Metallic to submetallic; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 5.26

Hardness: 5
Color: Steel-gray to black with reddish-brown oxidation
Luster: Metallic to submetallic

Identified July 21, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5; Color: Steel-gray to black with reddish-brown oxidation; Luster: Metallic to submetallic; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Specific gravity: 5.26

Formation & geological history

Commonly forms in sedimentary environments through precipitation from water, or as a sublimation product in volcanic areas. It is also found in metamorphic rocks and hydrothermal veins following iron enrichment.

Uses & applications

The primary ore of iron for steel production. Also used as a pigment (red ochre), in jewelry as faceted stones or beads, and as a polishing compound (jeweler's rouge).

Geological facts

The name hematite is derived from the Greek word for blood, referring to the red color of its powder or streak. It is found in abundance on Mars, giving the planet its reddish hue.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its reddish-brown streak when rubbed against a porcelain plate, even if the exterior appears black. Commonly found in banded iron formations. Collectors look for botryoidal (grape-like) or specular (glittery) habits.