mineral
Hematite
Hematite (Fe2O3)
Hardness: 5.5 to 6.5 on Mohs scale. Color: Steel gray, reddish-brown, or black. Luster: Metallic to submetallic or earthy. Crystal structure: Trigonal. Cleavage: None, exhibits parting. Specific gravity: 5.3
- Hardness
- 5
- Color
- Steel gray, reddish-brown, or black
- Luster
- Metallic to submetallic or earthy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5.5 to 6.5 on Mohs scale. Color: Steel gray, reddish-brown, or black. Luster: Metallic to submetallic or earthy. Crystal structure: Trigonal. Cleavage: None, exhibits parting. Specific gravity: 5.3
Formation & geological history
Forms in a variety of environments including hydrothermal veins, sedimentary iron deposits, and as an accessory mineral in igneous rocks, often through the oxidation of iron-rich minerals over billions of years.
Uses & applications
Primary ore of iron used in steel production; also used in pigments, radiation shielding, and for making jewelry and ornamental carvings.
Geological facts
Hematite leaves a characteristic reddish-brown streak when scratched across an unglazed porcelain plate, even when the mineral specimen itself is dark gray or black. Its name derives from the Greek word for blood, 'haima'.
Field identification & locations
Can be identified reliably by its distinct reddish-brown streak, metallic luster on fresh surfaces, and high specific gravity (feels heavy for its size). Commonly found globally in banded iron formations.
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