mineral

Hematite

Hematite (Fe2O3)

Mohs hardness of 5.5 to 6.5; color ranges from metallic silver-gray to earthy red-brown; luster is metallic to dull/earthy; crystal system is trigonal; streak is famously reddish-brown; specific gravity is approximately 5.3.

Identified July 28, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms in a wide variety of environments, predominantly sedimentary deposits, hydrothermal veins, and as an accessory mineral in igneous and metamorphic rocks. It often precipitates from aqueous solutions in sedimentary basins or forms through weathering processes over millions of years.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron used in steel production; also used for pigments, heavy media separation, radiation shielding, and in jewelry and ornamental carvings.

Geological facts

Hematite is the most important ore of iron worldwide. Its distinctive red streak has been used for cave paintings and body decoration since prehistoric times. It is also found on Mars, contributing to the planet's reddish appearance.

Field identification & locations

Easily identified by its characteristic reddish-brown streak when scratched on an unglazed porcelain plate, and its high density compared to common rocks. Commonly found worldwide, notably in the Lake Superior region of North America, Brazil, Australia, and parts of Europe.