mineral

Hematite

Hematite (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5 to 6.5 on Mohs scale. Color: Dark reddish-brown to steel-gray or black. Luster: Metallic to submetallic or earthy. Crystal Structure: Trigonal. Cleavage: None, exhibits uneven to conchoidal fracture. Specific Gravity: 5.26.

Hardness: 5
Color: Dark reddish-brown to steel-gray or black
Luster: Metallic to submetallic or earthy

Identified August 2, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms in a diverse range of environments, primarily aqueous sedimentary settings, hydrothermal veins, and as an accessory mineral in igneous and metamorphic rocks. Can form over a vast geological timescale through precipitation from iron-rich waters.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron used in steel production, also utilized as a pigment, in heavy media separation, jewelry, and ornamental carvings.

Geological facts

Hematite is the most important ore of iron worldwide and is responsible for the characteristic red color of soils on Mars.

Field identification & locations

Easily identified by its characteristic reddish-brown streak on an unglazed porcelain streak plate, despite its dark metallic appearance. Commonly found worldwide, especially in banded iron formations.