mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5; Color: Steel-gray to black, sometimes reddish-brown; Luster: Metallic to sub-metallic; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None (has parting); Specific gravity: 5.26

Hardness: 5
Color: Steel-gray to black, sometimes reddish-brown
Luster: Metallic to sub-metallic

Identified July 20, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5; Color: Steel-gray to black, sometimes reddish-brown; Luster: Metallic to sub-metallic; Crystal structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None (has parting); Specific gravity: 5.26

Formation & geological history

Formed primarily in sedimentary environments through precipitation from water or as a replacement of other minerals. It is common in banded iron formations dating back over 2 billion years. It can also form in igneous and metamorphic contexts through volcanic activity or hydrothermal veins.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron for steel production. Also used as a polishing agent (jeweler's rouge), pigment for paints, and in jewelry and decorative carvings when tumbled or cut.

Geological facts

Hematite derives its name from the Greek word 'haima' for blood, due to the red color of its streak and powdered form. It is also found in significant quantities on Mars, contributing to the planet's red color.

Field identification & locations

Can be identified by a characteristic reddish-brown streak when rubbed on an unglazed porcelain plate. Heaviness (high density) compared to other stones of similar size is a key indicator. Commonly found in Brazil, Australia, and Lake Superior region.