mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5; Color: Reddish-brown to black; Luster: Metallic to earthy; Structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None/Parting; Specific Gravity: 5.26

Hardness: 5
Color: Reddish-brown to black
Luster: Metallic to earthy

Identified July 19, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5; Color: Reddish-brown to black; Luster: Metallic to earthy; Structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None/Parting; Specific Gravity: 5.26

Formation & geological history

Formed in hydrothermal veins and through the oxidation of iron-rich sediments, most notably in Banded Iron Formations beginning roughly 2.4 billion years ago during the Great Oxygenation Event.

Uses & applications

Main ore of iron; used as a pigment (ochre), in jewelry as polished beads or cabochons, and as a polishing agent (jeweler's rouge).

Geological facts

The name comes from the Greek word for blood, 'haima', because it streaks red when scraped across a rough surface. A major deposit of hematite exists on Mars, contributing to the planet's red color.

Field identification & locations

Can be identified by its characteristic reddish-brown streak even if the specimen looks black. It is commonly found in sedimentary basins and area of volcanic activity. Use a streak plate or the back of a ceramic tile to confirm.