mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale. Color: Steel gray, reddish-gray, to black. Luster: Metallic to submetallic, sometimes dull. Crystal System: Trigonal. Streak: Cherry-red to reddish-brown. Specific Gravity: 5.3.

Hardness: 5
Color: Steel gray, reddish-gray, to black
Luster: Metallic to submetallic, sometimes dull

Identified August 1, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms in diverse environments, notably hydrothermal veins, sedimentary deposits, and as an accessory mineral in igneous rocks, often through the oxidation of iron-rich minerals over billions of years.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron and steel production, used in pigments (ochre), radiation shielding, heavy media separation, and polished for gemstone or jewelry use.

Geological facts

Hematite is the most important ore of iron. It is also found on Mars, where it is responsible for the planet's characteristic reddish color and occurs in notable formations called 'blueberries'.

Field identification & locations

Easily identified by its distinctive reddish-brown streak, even when the specimen itself appears metallic silver-gray. Commonly found globally, particularly in banded iron formations.