mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 Mohs. Color: Steel gray to black, reddish-brown when powdered. Luster: Metallic. Crystal Structure: Hexagonal. Specific Gravity: 5.26. Cleavage: None.

Hardness: 5
Color: Steel gray to black, reddish-brown when powdered
Luster: Metallic

Identified July 21, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 Mohs. Color: Steel gray to black, reddish-brown when powdered. Luster: Metallic. Crystal Structure: Hexagonal. Specific Gravity: 5.26. Cleavage: None.

Formation & geological history

Forms in sedimentary environments as a result of iron precipitation, but also found as a primary mineral in igneous rocks or as a product of metamorphic processes. It is one of the most abundant minerals on Earth’s surface.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron; used in jewelry as beads or carved intaglios; used as a pigment (ochre) and in polishing compounds (jeweler’s rouge).

Geological facts

The name comes from the Greek word for blood, 'haima', because it turns red when scratched or powdered. It is responsible for the red color of many rocks and even the surface of Mars.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its metallic luster and distinctive reddish-brown streak. Common locations include the Lake Superior district in the USA, Brazil, Australia, and China. Collectors look for botryoidal (kidney ore) or specular (micaceous) forms.