mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Reddish-brown, steel-gray, or black; Luster: Submetallic, earthy, or metallic; Crystal Structure: Trigonal; Cleavage: None; Opaque, leaves a reddish-brown streak.

Hardness: 5
Color: Reddish-brown, steel-gray, or black
Luster: Submetallic, earthy, or metallic

Identified July 19, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed in sedimentary, metamorphic, and igneous environments, often resulting from the precipitation of iron-rich fluids in oxygenated water or as a product of secondary weathering of other iron-rich minerals. Commonly found in banded iron formations dating back billions of years.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron; used in heavy industry to produce steel. Also used as a pigment (red ocher), in jewelry (polished beads/cabochons), and as a polishing abrasive (jeweler's rouge).

Geological facts

The name is derived from the Greek word for blood, 'haima,' due to the reddish color it produces when powdered. It is abundant on Mars, giving the planet its characteristic red appearance.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its high density/weight for its size and its distinctive reddish-brown streak when rubbed against a streak plate (untextured ceramic). Found worldwide, with major deposits in Brazil, Australia, and the Lake Superior region of the U.S.