mineral

Hematite

Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale. Color: Steel gray, black, reddish-brown. Luster: Metallic to submetallic or earthy. Crystal structure: Trigonal. Streak: Cherry-red to reddish-brown. Specific gravity: 5.26.

Hardness: 5
Color: Steel gray, black, reddish-brown
Luster: Metallic to submetallic or earthy

Identified July 29, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms in a variety of geological environments, primarily aqueous sedimentary settings, hydrothermal veins, and as a contact metamorphic mineral. It also occurs as an accessory mineral in igneous rocks.

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron used for steel production, used as a pigment (ochre), in radiation shielding, and carved into beads, jewelry, and ornamental objects.

Geological facts

Hematite is the most important ore of iron. Its name is derived from the Greek word 'haima', meaning blood, due to the red color of its powder or streak. It is also found on Mars, giving the Martian surface its distinctive reddish hue.

Field identification & locations

Easily identified by its characteristic reddish-brown streak, metallic gray sheen, and high density. Commonly found worldwide, notably in the Lake Superior region of North America, Australia, Brazil, and China. Collectors look for specular hematite or botryoidal forms.