mineral

Hematite

Hematite (Iron (III) oxide, Fe2O3)

Hardness: 5.5-6.5; Color: Steel-gray to black, reddish-brown when powdered; Luster: Metallic to submetallic; Crystal Structure: Trigonal; Gravity: 5.26.

Hardness: 5
Color: Steel-gray to black, reddish-brown when powdered
Luster: Metallic to submetallic

Identified July 21, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 5.5-6.5; Color: Steel-gray to black, reddish-brown when powdered; Luster: Metallic to submetallic; Crystal Structure: Trigonal; Gravity: 5.26.

Formation & geological history

Formed in sedimentary environments through precipitation from hydrothermal fluids, or as a weathering product of other iron-bearing minerals. Common in Banded Iron Formations (BIFs).

Uses & applications

Primary ore of iron; used in pigment manufacture (red ochre), radiation shielding, jewelry (beads and intaglios), and as a polishing agent (jeweler's rouge).

Geological facts

The name is derived from the Greek word for 'blood' because it turns red when sliced or powdered. It is also responsible for the red color of the planet Mars.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its distinctive reddish-brown streak when rubbed against a porcelain tile (even if the specimen looks metallic black). It is found globally, notably in Brazil, Australia, and the Lake Superior region.