mineral
Hematite
Hematite (Fe2O3)
Mohs hardness of 5.5 to 6.5; steel-gray to black color, sometimes reddish-brown; metallic to submetallic luster; trigonal crystal system; no true cleavage, exhibits uneven to conchoidal fracture; high specific gravity (around 5.3)
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness of 5.5 to 6.5; steel-gray to black color, sometimes reddish-brown; metallic to submetallic luster; trigonal crystal system; no true cleavage, exhibits uneven to conchoidal fracture; high specific gravity (around 5.3)
Formation & geological history
Forms in a wide variety of environments, predominantly through aqueous processes and hydrothermal activity, as well as igneous and metamorphic settings. It is the most abundant iron ore mineral on Earth.
Uses & applications
Primary ore of iron and steel production; used in pigments, radiation shielding, heavy media separation, and occasionally polished into jewelry or ornamental items.
Geological facts
Hematite leaves a characteristic reddish-brown streak when scratched on unglazed porcelain, which is its most famous diagnostic feature. It is also found on Mars, giving the planet its reddish hue.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its reddish-brown streak, metallic gray-to-black color, and high density. Found worldwide, particularly in banded iron formations.
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