gemstone
Imperial Topaz
Al2SiO4(F,OH)2 (Fluorine-bearing Aluminum Silicate)
Hardness: 8, Color: Orange-yellow to golden, Luster: Vitreous, Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic, Cleavage: Perfect basal
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Physical properties
Hardness: 8, Color: Orange-yellow to golden, Luster: Vitreous, Crystal Structure: Orthorhombic, Cleavage: Perfect basal
Formation & geological history
Formed in late-stage igneous processes, specifically in pegmatites and high-temperature hydrothermal veins. Most famously found in Ouro Preto, Brazil, within deposits dating back approximately 500 million years.
Uses & applications
Primarily used as a high-value gemstone in jewelry; also highly sought after by mineral collectors for its crystal habit and rare color.
Geological facts
Imperial Topaz is the rarest and most expensive color variety of topaz. The name originated in 19th-century Russia, named to honor the Russian Tsar, and only the royal family was allowed to own it.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its high hardness (8), specific gravity (3.4-3.6), and characteristic elongated prism shape with striations along the length. Most true Imperial Topaz comes from Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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