metamorphic
Jade (Nephrite)
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 on the Mohs scale; Color: Shades of green, white, gray, yellow, or brown; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (microcrystalline, fibrous interlocking interlocking crystal matrix); Cleavage: None (exceptionally tough); Specific gravity: 2.95-3.10
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Shades of green, white, gray, yellow, or brown
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 on the Mohs scale; Color: Shades of green, white, gray, yellow, or brown; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal structure: Monoclinic (microcrystalline, fibrous interlocking interlocking crystal matrix); Cleavage: None (exceptionally tough); Specific gravity: 2.95-3.10
Formation & geological history
Formed through metamorphic processes involving metasomatism, where hydrothermal fluids react with magnesium-rich ultramafic rocks (like peridotite or serpentinite) or dolomitic limestones, typically found in convergent plate boundaries.
Uses & applications
Used extensively for carving intricate sculptures, ornaments, weapons, and high-end jewelry such as beads, bangles, and pendants.
Geological facts
Nephrite jade is famously tough and resistant to breaking due to its tightly interwoven microfibrous structure, making it historically preferred over jadeite for ancient tools and weapons like axes.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its characteristic dense, soapy or waxy feel, light-to-dark green mottled appearance, and exceptionally high toughness that prevents it from easily fracturing when struck.
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