mineral
Jasper or Carnelian (Chalcedony)
Cryptocrystalline quartz (SiO2) with iron oxide impurities
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness: 6.5-7, Color: Red to reddish-brown, Luster: Waxy to vitreous, Crystal structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline), Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific gravity: 2.58-2.64
- Hardness
- 6
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.5-7, Color: Red to reddish-brown, Luster: Waxy to vitreous, Crystal structure: Trigonal (microcrystalline), Cleavage: None (conchoidal fracture), Specific gravity: 2.58-2.64
Formation & geological history
Forms in sedimentary or volcanic environments where silica-rich fluids deposit microcrystalline quartz in cavities or cracks. The red color comes from iron oxide (hematite) inclusions.
Uses & applications
Often used in lapidary work, jewelry making (cabochons, beads), and as a collector's stone. Historically used for seals and intaglios.
Geological facts
Red jasper and carnelian have been used for thousands of years in ancient civilizations for jewelry and decorative objects. The deep red color was often associated with life and vitality.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its waxy luster, conchoidal fracture, and hardness (can scratch glass). Commonly found worldwide in volcanic rocks and stream gravels.
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