metamorphic
Lapis lazuli bead bracelet
Lapis lazuli, chiefly lazurite (Na₃Ca(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂S); commonly with calcite and pyrite
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectDeep royal-blue, typically opaque with a vitreous to waxy luster; Mohs hardness 5–5.5, granular rather than well-formed crystals, and no distinct cleavage. The beads appear polished and may be dyed or stabilized; visible gold-colored findings are metal, not mineral.
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Physical properties
Deep royal-blue, typically opaque with a vitreous to waxy luster; Mohs hardness 5–5.5, granular rather than well-formed crystals, and no distinct cleavage. The beads appear polished and may be dyed or stabilized; visible gold-colored findings are metal, not mineral.
Formation & geological history
Formed by contact metamorphism of limestone, with sulfur-rich fluids producing lazurite, usually during Precambrian to younger metamorphic events. The finest historic material comes from Badakhshan, Afghanistan; other sources include Chile, Russia, Pakistan, and the United States.
Uses & applications
Used for beads, cabochons, carvings, inlay, ornamental objects, and historically ultramarine pigment. It is valued mainly as decorative gemstone material rather than for industrial construction.
Geological facts
Blue color comes primarily from sulfur-bearing lazurite; white calcite veining and brassy pyrite inclusions are common diagnostic features. Ancient Egyptian and Mesopotamian artifacts used imported lapis lazuli extensively.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its opaque saturated blue color, granular texture, occasional white calcite or metallic pyrite, and moderate hardness; it should not show glassy transparency. Common rough lapis is sold worldwide, while intense blue with minimal calcite commands premium prices.
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