metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli (Low Grade)
Lapis Lazuli (Metamorphic rock containing lazurite, calcite, and pyrite)
Hardness: 5-6 Mohs. Color: Spotted or banded deep blue to light blue/gray with white (calcite) and gold-colored (pyrite) inclusions. Luster: Dull to greasy. Crystal structure: Result of contact metamorphism (granular texture).
- Hardness
- 5-6 Mohs
- Luster
- Dull to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-6 Mohs. Color: Spotted or banded deep blue to light blue/gray with white (calcite) and gold-colored (pyrite) inclusions. Luster: Dull to greasy. Crystal structure: Result of contact metamorphism (granular texture).
Formation & geological history
Formed through contact metamorphism where limestone or marble is altered by hydrothermal processes. Found in metamorphic zones rich in silicate. Prime sources include Afghanistan, Chile, and Russia.
Uses & applications
Used primarily for semi-precious jewelry, ornamental carvings, pigments (traditionally ultramarine), and as a collector's specimen.
Geological facts
Lapis lazuli has been mined for over 6,000 years in the Sar-i Sang mines of Afghanistan. It was highly prized in ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia for amulets and masks.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its distinctive blue color, the presence of localized white calcite or metallic gold-colored pyrite specks, and its lack of transparency. Unlike sodalite, it often has prominent pyrite inclusions.
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