metamorphic
Lapis lazuli
Lazurite-bearing rock; mainly lazurite (sulfide-bearing sodalite-group mineral), with calcite and commonly pyrite
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectDeep ultramarine to blue with white calcite streaks; Mohs hardness about 5–5.5, vitreous to greasy luster, typically massive with no visible crystal cleavage. The pictured specimen appears to be a rough, banded lapis sample.
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Physical properties
Deep ultramarine to blue with white calcite streaks; Mohs hardness about 5–5.5, vitreous to greasy luster, typically massive with no visible crystal cleavage. The pictured specimen appears to be a rough, banded lapis sample.
Formation & geological history
Forms by contact metamorphism of silica-poor, sulfur-rich rocks, often in marble; notable deposits formed during the Precambrian, though the pictured specimen’s age and locality cannot be determined from the image.
Uses & applications
Used for beads, carvings, inlay, and ornamental objects; historically ground into ultramarine pigment. Lower-grade material is also collected as mineral specimens.
Geological facts
Fine lapis has been prized since antiquity; its blue color comes chiefly from lazurite, while gold-like flecks are usually pyrite.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its intense blue color, contrasting white calcite, and occasional pyrite; unlike dyed imitations, natural lapis commonly shows uneven color and mineral inclusions. Major sources include Afghanistan, Chile, and Russia.
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