gemstone

Lapis lazuli

Lazurite-bearing metamorphic rock; mainly lazurite (approximately (Na,Ca)₈(AlSiO₄)₆(S,SO₄,Cl)₂), often with calcite and pyrite

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Polished blue cabochon with white calcite veining and possible small golden pyrite flecks. Lazurite is Mohs 5–5.5; typically opaque, with a vitreous-to-dull luster and no prominent cleavage.

Identified October 10, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Polished blue cabochon with white calcite veining and possible small golden pyrite flecks. Lazurite is Mohs 5–5.5; typically opaque, with a vitreous-to-dull luster and no prominent cleavage.

Formation & geological history

Forms in silica-poor, sulfur-rich metamorphic rocks, especially contact-metamorphosed limestones. Famous deposits in Afghanistan formed during ancient regional metamorphism; age varies by deposit.

Uses & applications

Used for cabochons, beads, carvings, and decorative objects; historically ground as ultramarine pigment. The visible white veining can lower jewelry-grade value.

Geological facts

Lapis lazuli is a rock rather than a single mineral. Its prized blue pigment was used in medieval and Renaissance art.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its rich blue color, often with calcite streaks and scattered pyrite; unlike dyed imitations, natural material commonly shows uneven color and mineral inclusions. Major sources include Afghanistan, Chile, and Russia.