metamorphic

Lapis Lazuli

Lapis Lazuli (Rock containing Lazurite: (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,Cl,SO4,OH)2)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 5-5.5 on Mohs scale; Color: Deep celestial blue with golden pyrite inclusions and white calcite veining; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Isometric (for the lazurite component); Specific Gravity: 2.7 to 2.9

Hardness: 5-5
Luster: Vitreous to greasy

Identified June 5, 2026More metamorphic →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through contact metamorphism, where heat and pressure from intrusive igneous rocks transform limestone or dolostone. Most famous deposits are over 6,000 years old from the Sar-e-Sang mines in Afghanistan.

Uses & applications

Primarily used for high-end jewelry, decorative carvings, beads, and historically ground into the pigment ultramarine for Renaissance paintings.

Geological facts

Lapis lazuli was highly prized by Ancient Egyptians for amulets and funeral masks, including the iconic mask of Tutankhamun. It is one of the oldest known gemstones used by humans.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its intense blue color, the presence of metallic gold-colored pyrite spots, and white marble streaks. Often found in Afghanistan, Chile, and Russia. Collectors look for deep blue color with minimal white calcite.