metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis Lazuli (Rock composed primarily of lazurite, calcite, and pyrite)
Hardness of 5 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale, deep vibrant blue color often flecked with golden pyrite and white calcite veins, vitreous to greasy luster, massive crystal structure with no distinct cleavage, specific gravity of 2.7 to 2.9.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 5 to 5.5 on the Mohs scale, deep vibrant blue color often flecked with golden pyrite and white calcite veins, vitreous to greasy luster, massive crystal structure with no distinct cleavage, specific gravity of 2.7 to 2.9.
Formation & geological history
Formed through contact metamorphism of limestone, typically associated with intrusive igneous activity, occurring in ancient geological formations often dating back to the Precambrian era.
Uses & applications
Widely used in jewelry, ornamental carvings, mosaics, inlay work, and historically ground into ultramarine pigment for fine art.
Geological facts
Lapis Lazuli has been mined for over 6,500 years in the Badakhshan province of Afghanistan, which remains the most famous source. It was prized by ancient Egyptian pharaohs and used extensively in the funerary mask of Tutankhamun.
Field identification & locations
Easily identified by its rich, deep blue coloration combined with brassy golden pyrite inclusions and white calcite streaks. Found primarily in Afghanistan, Chile, Russia, and the USA.
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