metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis Lazuli (Complex aggregate of Lazurite, Calcite, and Pyrite)
Hardness: 5-5.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Deep celestial blue with golden pyrite flecks and white calcite streaks; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Structure: Cubic (crystalline components); Specific Gravity: 2.7-2.9.
- Hardness
- 5-5
- Luster
- Vitreous to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 5-5.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Deep celestial blue with golden pyrite flecks and white calcite streaks; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Structure: Cubic (crystalline components); Specific Gravity: 2.7-2.9.
Formation & geological history
Formed through contact metamorphism of limestone or marble. Major deposits occur in limestone that has been altered by igneous intrusions, often millions of years old.
Uses & applications
Extensively used in jewelry, ornamental carvings, beads, and historically ground into ultramarine pigment for fine art paintings.
Geological facts
Highly prized since antiquity; it was used in the funeral mask of Tutankhamun and was the source of the world's most expensive blue pigment during the Renaissance.
Field identification & locations
Look for the diagnostic combination of deep blue color with gold-colored pyrite spots. Commonly found in Afghanistan (Sar-i Sang), Chile, and Russia. Beware of dyed Howlite or Jasper used as imitations.
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