metamorphic

Lapis lazuli

Lapis lazuli; primarily lazurite (Na₃Ca(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂S), with calcite and pyrite

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Usually intense ultramarine-blue with white calcite and occasional brassy pyrite; Mohs hardness 5–5.5, vitreous to dull luster, granular rather than distinct crystals, and poor cleavage. The shown piece appears polished or shaped, with visible pale matrix and possible surface wear.

Identified September 22, 2026More metamorphic →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms by contact metamorphism of limestone, commonly in Precambrian metamorphic zones; the finest historic material comes from Sar-e-Sang, Afghanistan. Geological ages depend on the host deposit, commonly Proterozoic.

Uses & applications

Used for beads, carvings, cabochons, ornaments, and historically as the pigment ultramarine; lower-grade material is decorative stone. Typical small polished pieces sell for about $5–$30, while vivid, pyrite-free or finely patterned specimens may reach $50–$200+.

Geological facts

Blue color comes mainly from sulfur-bearing lazurite; abundant white calcite generally lowers value, while balanced golden pyrite flecks can enhance appearance. It is not a single mineral but a rock composed chiefly of lazurite.

Field identification & locations

Identify by opaque royal-blue color, white calcite veining, and occasional metallic pyrite; it is softer and less uniform than sodalite or dyed glass. Common sources include Afghanistan, Chile, Russia, Pakistan, and the United States.