metamorphic

Lapis lazuli

Lapis lazuli; primarily lazurite (Na₃Ca(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂S), with calcite and pyrite

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness about 5–5.5 Mohs; vivid ultramarine-blue with white calcite and brassy pyrite flecks, typically opaque and dull to vitreous. Granular, massive structure with no prominent cleavage; specific gravity about 2.7–2.9.

Identified September 6, 2026More metamorphic →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

A metamorphic rock formed when sulfur-rich limestone or marble undergoes contact metamorphism, commonly during mountain-building events. The pictured rough piece appears to contain abundant blue lazurite, pale calcite, and metallic pyrite.

Uses & applications

Used for carvings, beads, cabochons, ornaments, and historically as the pigment ultramarine; lower-grade material is used for decorative stone. It is generally unsuitable for high-wear rings because of moderate hardness.

Geological facts

The finest historic lapis came from the Sar-e-Sang deposits of Afghanistan, worked for thousands of years and used in ancient Egyptian jewelry and Renaissance paintings.

Field identification & locations

Identify it by saturated blue color, white calcite veining, and occasional gold-colored pyrite; it is softer and less uniformly blue than sodalite or dyed stones. Common sources include Afghanistan, Chile, Russia, and Pakistan.