metamorphic

Lapis lazuli

Lazurite-bearing marble; primarily lazurite (Na₃Ca(Si₃Al₃)O₁₂S) with calcite and pyrite

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Deep royal-blue, typically with white calcite and occasional metallic-gold pyrite flecks; Mohs hardness 5–5.5, vitreous to dull luster, granular texture, and no prominent cleavage. The image is consistent with a small rough lapis lazuli fragment, though visual identification is not definitive.

Identified September 4, 2026More metamorphic →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms when silica- and sulfur-rich fluids alter limestone during contact metamorphism, commonly in Precambrian marble deposits. Major gem-quality material comes from Sar-e-Sang, Afghanistan; notable deposits also occur in Chile and Russia.

Uses & applications

Used for beads, cabochons, carvings, inlay, ornaments, and historically ultramarine pigment. It is generally unsuitable for heavy construction because it is relatively soft and variable.

Geological facts

Blue color comes mainly from lazurite; calcite produces white streaks and pyrite creates gold-colored speckles. Lapis lazuli is a rock rather than a single mineral.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its opaque intense blue color, granular surface, possible white calcite and brassy pyrite; a blue streak or acid reaction on calcite-bearing areas can help. Common sources include Afghanistan, Chile, and Russia.