mineral

Malachite cabochon

Malachite, Cu₂CO₃(OH)₂

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Polished, rounded green specimen with dark-to-light concentric or banded striping and vitreous-to-silky luster. Mohs hardness 3.5–4; monoclinic crystal system, commonly massive rather than visibly crystalline; specific gravity about 3.6–4.0.

Identified September 20, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

A secondary copper-carbonate mineral formed by weathering and oxidation of copper sulfide deposits, commonly alongside azurite. It is geologically young relative to its host ore and occurs in oxidized zones of copper deposits.

Uses & applications

Used for ornamental carvings, beads, cabochons, pigments, and collector specimens; historically used as a green pigment. It is too soft for highly durable everyday jewelry.

Geological facts

The vivid green color results from copper ions, and banding reflects changing groundwater chemistry during growth. Malachite can resemble dyed green banded materials, so acid and hardness tests should be performed cautiously.

Field identification & locations

Common localities include the Democratic Republic of the Congo, Zambia, Russia, Australia, Arizona, and New Mexico. Identify it by distinctive green banding, relatively low hardness, high density, and possible effervescence in dilute acid; avoid inhaling dust when cutting.