Mineral

Malachite

Malachite (Copper Carbonate Hydroxide) - Cu2CO3(OH)2

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 3.5-4 (Mohs scale), Color: Bright green to dark green with characteristic banding, Luster: Adamantine to silky, Crystal Structure: Monoclinic, Cleavage: Perfect, Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0

Hardness: 3

Identified March 15, 2026More mineral →

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Physical properties

Hardness: 3.5-4 (Mohs scale), Color: Bright green to dark green with characteristic banding, Luster: Adamantine to silky, Crystal Structure: Monoclinic, Cleavage: Perfect, Specific Gravity: 3.6-4.0

Formation & geological history

Formed as a secondary mineral in the oxidation zone of copper ore deposits. It occurs when carbonated water reacts with copper-bearing minerals. Common in all geological ages where copper weathering occurs.

Uses & applications

Primarily used for ornamental purposes, jewelry (pendants, beads), and decorative inlay. Historically used as a copper ore and a green pigment in paints.

Geological facts

In Ancient Egypt, malachite was associated with the 'Field of Reeds' (the afterlife). It is almost always found alongside Azurite. The 'Malachite Room' in the State Hermitage Museum houses massive vases and columns made of this mineral.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its distinctive silky luster and intense green concentric banding. Found globally in copper-rich regions like the DR Congo, Russia (Urals), and Arizona. Collectors look for high contrast in the bands and botryoidal (grape-like) habits.