metamorphic
Nephrite Jade / Epidote Pebble
Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2 / Ca2Al2Fe3+(SiO4)(Si2O7)O(OH)
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 on Mohs scale. Color: Olive green to deep forest green with yellowish brown mottling. Luster: Waxy to vitreous. Structure: Fine-grained, tough microcrystalline aggregate.
- Hardness
- 6
- Luster
- Waxy to vitreous
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 on Mohs scale. Color: Olive green to deep forest green with yellowish brown mottling. Luster: Waxy to vitreous. Structure: Fine-grained, tough microcrystalline aggregate.
Formation & geological history
Formed through regional or contact metamorphism of ultramafic rocks or metasomatism of limestone and dolomite by silicate fluids.
Uses & applications
Commonly used for tumbled stones, decorative carvings, beads, cabochons, and ornamental items.
Geological facts
Nephrite is famous for its extreme toughness—it is harder to break with a hammer than steel due to its interlocking fibrous mineral structure.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its distinctive olive green hue, smooth tumbled surface, greasy/waxy luster, and high resistance to scratching. Found along rivers, beaches, and metamorphic zones globally, including New Zealand, Canada, and Russia.
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