metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 (Mohs); Color: Dark olive green with black or brown inclusions; Luster: Waxy to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.0.
- Hardness
- 6
- Color
- Dark olive green with black or brown inclusions
- Luster
- Waxy to greasy
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6.0-6.5 (Mohs); Color: Dark olive green with black or brown inclusions; Luster: Waxy to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous); Cleavage: None; Specific Gravity: 2.9-3.0.
Formation & geological history
Formed through the metamorphic process of serpentinite or dolomitic limestone under high pressure and low temperature, typically in subduction zones. Can range from Precambrian to Cenozoic in age.
Uses & applications
Used widely in ornamental sculpture, lapidary arts, jewelry (cabochons and beads), and historically for tool making due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is tougher than steel owing to its interlocking fibrous structure. It has been a sacred stone in Chinese culture for over 5,000 years and is the official state gemstone of Wyoming and Alaska.
Field identification & locations
Identify in the field by its soapy or waxy feel, extreme toughness against breaking, and lack of a visible crystalline structure. Commonly found in British Columbia, New Zealand, Russia, and Wyoming.
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