gemstone
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale, Color: Dark green, Luster: Vitreous to greasy, Crystal structure: Monoclinic, Cleavage: Imperfect, Specific gravity: 2.95 to 3.0
- Hardness
- 6 to 6
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale, Color: Dark green, Luster: Vitreous to greasy, Crystal structure: Monoclinic, Cleavage: Imperfect, Specific gravity: 2.95 to 3.0
Formation & geological history
Formed through metamorphic processes involving metasomatism, where hydrothermal fluids alter surrounding ultramafic rocks like peridotite or serpentinite, often in convergent plate boundaries.
Uses & applications
Widely used in fine jewelry, carved ornaments, decorative items, and historically for weapons and tools due to its extreme toughness.
Geological facts
Nephrite is composed of microcrystalline interlocking fibrous amphibole crystals, making it exceptionally tough and resistant to breakage, even more so than diamond.
Field identification & locations
Can be identified by its characteristic waxy or greasy luster, deep green color, and high toughness. Common sources include China, New Zealand, Canada, and Russia.
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