metamorphic

Nephrite Jade

Nephrite (Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness: 6.0-6.5 (Mohs scale); Color: Spinach green, olive green, brown, or grey-green; Luster: Vitreous to greasy; Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (fibrous structure); Cleavage: Indistinct; Specific Gravity: 2.90–3.03.

Hardness: 6
Color: Spinach green, olive green, brown, or grey-green
Luster: Vitreous to greasy

Identified March 21, 2026More metamorphic →

Explore Nephrite Jade in the encyclopedia →

Identify your own rocks.

Get a report just like this from any photo, free.

App Store Google Play

Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Formed through the regional metamorphism of magnesium-rich rocks (like serpentinite) or the chemical reaction between ultramafic rocks and silica-rich fluids. Deposits are found in geological contexts ranging from the Paleozoic to the Cenozoic eras.

Uses & applications

Extensively used in jewelry (cabochons, beads), decorative carvings, high-end ornamental objects, and historically for tool-making (axes and blades) due to its exceptional toughness.

Geological facts

Nephrite is significantly tougher than diamond in terms of fracture resistance because of its interlocking felt-like fibrous structure. It has been used by diverse cultures for millennia, most notably in Ancient China and by the Māori people of New Zealand.

Field identification & locations

Identify in the field by its waxy/greasy luster when wet, high density compared to common river stones, and extreme toughness (it is very difficult to break with a hammer). Commonly found in alluvial deposits (riverbeds) or as boulders in serpentinite belts in regions like British Columbia, Alaska, New Zealand, and Siberia.