metamorphic
Nephrite Jade
Nephrite (Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2)
Hardness: 6 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale, Color: Dark green, grayish-green, or blackish-green, Luster: Vitreous to greasy, Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (microcrystalline, fibrous habit), Cleavage: None (extremely tough and compact due to interlocking microscopic fibers), Specific Gravity: 2.9 to 3.0
- Hardness
- 6 to 6
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Physical properties
Hardness: 6 to 6.5 on the Mohs scale, Color: Dark green, grayish-green, or blackish-green, Luster: Vitreous to greasy, Crystal Structure: Monoclinic (microcrystalline, fibrous habit), Cleavage: None (extremely tough and compact due to interlocking microscopic fibers), Specific Gravity: 2.9 to 3.0
Formation & geological history
Formed through metamorphic processes involving metasomatism, where hydrothermal fluids react with surrounding rock types such as peridotites, serpentinites, or dolomite limestones under high pressure and moderate temperatures.
Uses & applications
Used extensively for carving, ornamental items, traditional weaponry, jewelry, and decorative art objects.
Geological facts
Nephrite is significantly tougher than jadeite due to its interwoven, felted microfibrous structure, making it historically preferred for functional tools and weapons like adzes and axes before becoming prized for intricate carvings.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its waxy-to-greasy luster, extreme toughness (does not shatter easily when struck), high specific gravity (feels heavy for its size), and characteristic dark green shades often found in riverbeds, glacial tills, or coastal beaches where wave action has tumbled and smoothed the pebbles.
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