gemstone

Orange carnelian (likely tumbled chalcedony)

Cryptocrystalline quartz, SiO₂; orange color commonly from iron oxides

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness 6.5–7 Mohs; translucent to opaque orange, vitreous to waxy luster, no visible crystals, conchoidal fracture, and no cleavage. The smooth oval shape indicates tumbling or polishing.

Identified September 6, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Hardness 6.5–7 Mohs; translucent to opaque orange, vitreous to waxy luster, no visible crystals, conchoidal fracture, and no cleavage. The smooth oval shape indicates tumbling or polishing.

Formation & geological history

Forms when silica-rich groundwater fills cavities and fractures, with iron producing the orange-red color; deposits range from Paleozoic to Cenozoic. Common sources include India, Brazil, Uruguay, Madagascar, and parts of the United States.

Uses & applications

Used for beads, cabochons, carvings, seals, and ornamental objects; durable enough for jewelry but generally inexpensive.

Geological facts

Carnelian is a variety of chalcedony and has been used in seals and jewelry since antiquity, including ancient Egypt and Rome.

Field identification & locations

Identify by its orange color, waxy luster, uniform cryptocrystalline texture, and inability to scratch with a fingernail; it should scratch glass. Similar orange glass or dyed agate can be distinguished by bubbles, flow lines, or color concentrated in cracks.