gemstone

Orange carnelian (polished chalcedony)

Chalcedony, microcrystalline quartz (SiO₂), iron-oxide colored

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness 6.5–7 Mohs; translucent orange to red-orange with waxy-to-glassy luster, conchoidal fracture, and no cleavage. The rounded edges and smooth surface indicate polishing or tumbling; internal color zoning and wispy inclusions are visible.

Identified September 19, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms when silica-rich groundwater fills cavities and fractures, later incorporating iron oxides that produce orange-red coloration; commonly associated with volcanic rocks, especially Cenozoic basalt provinces. Geological age varies widely by deposit.

Uses & applications

Used for beads, cabochons, carvings, seals, and ornamental objects; durable enough for jewelry and decorative stonework.

Geological facts

Carnelian is an orange-red variety of chalcedony; deeper red coloration generally reflects more iron-oxide staining. Heat treatment can intensify or alter its color.

Field identification & locations

Identify it by its warm translucent orange color, waxy luster, quartz-like hardness, and lack of cleavage; it should resist scratching by a steel blade. Common sources include India, Brazil, Uruguay, Madagascar, and Germany.