gemstone

Orange carnelian (possibly dyed agate) pendant

Cryptocrystalline quartz (chalcedony), SiO₂

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness 6.5–7 Mohs; vivid orange, translucent at the edges, with a smooth polish and waxy-to-glassy luster. The fine-grained quartz has no visible crystals or cleavage; the color may be enhanced by dyeing or heating.

Identified October 3, 2026More gemstone →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Carnelian forms as silica-rich chalcedony in cavities and veins, commonly in volcanic rocks; its geological age varies by deposit. The pictured stone has been shaped and polished, and may have been treated.

Uses & applications

Used for beads, pendants, and other ornamental objects; chalcedony is also used for carvings and small decorative pieces.

Geological facts

Carnelian is a variety of chalcedony, not a separate mineral species. Natural orange color comes largely from iron impurities.

Field identification & locations

Look for translucent orange-red color and hardness sufficient to scratch glass; uniform, intensely bright color can suggest treatment. Common sources include India, Brazil, Uruguay, and Madagascar.