gemstone
Pearl
Calcium carbonate (principally Aragonite, CaCO3) with Conchiolin
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness of 2.5–4.5 on the Mohs scale, pearly/iridescent luster, white to cream color, specific gravity around 2.60–2.85, and an orthorhombic crystalline micro-structure bound by organic protein.
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Physical properties
Hardness of 2.5–4.5 on the Mohs scale, pearly/iridescent luster, white to cream color, specific gravity around 2.60–2.85, and an orthorhombic crystalline micro-structure bound by organic protein.
Formation & geological history
Biogenic gemstone formed inside the soft tissue (mantle) of living shelled mollusks through concentric layers of nacre deposited over an irritant.
Uses & applications
Predominantly used in fine jewelry such as earrings, necklaces, rings, and decorative embellishments.
Geological facts
Unlike almost all other gemstones, pearls require no cutting or polishing to reveal their natural beauty, as their luster is formed entirely organically.
Field identification & locations
Identified by a slight grittiness when rubbed against natural teeth (unlike smooth imitation glass or plastic beads) and concentric layers visible under magnification; produced worldwide in both freshwater and marine pearl farms.
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