gemstone
Pearl
Calcium carbonate with conchiolin (CaCO3)
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness 2.5-4.5 on Mohs scale; pearly nacreous luster; orthorhombic (aragonite) microcrystalline structure; specific gravity 2.60-2.85.
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Physical properties
Hardness 2.5-4.5 on Mohs scale; pearly nacreous luster; orthorhombic (aragonite) microcrystalline structure; specific gravity 2.60-2.85.
Formation & geological history
Formed organically within the soft tissue of shelled mollusks as concentric layers of nacre around an irritant.
Uses & applications
Primarily prized as a classic gemstone in fine jewelry, necklaces, earrings, and ornamental decorative arts.
Geological facts
Pearls are among the few organic gemstones produced by living organisms; golden South Sea pearls are among the rarest.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its distinctive iridescent luster ('orient') and slightly gritty feel against tooth enamel compared to smooth imitation beads.
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