gemstone
Peridot
Olivine ((Mg, Fe)2SiO4)
Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7. Vibrant olive-green to lime-green color. Vitreous luster, orthorhombic crystal system, poor cleavage, and strong double refraction.
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Physical properties
Mohs hardness of 6.5 to 7. Vibrant olive-green to lime-green color. Vitreous luster, orthorhombic crystal system, poor cleavage, and strong double refraction.
Formation & geological history
Forms deep within the Earth's mantle and brought to the surface through volcanic activity in basaltic magmas. It can also be found in pallasite meteorites.
Uses & applications
Primarily used as a gemstone in fine jewelry, including rings, pendants, and earrings. It is also the traditional birthstone for August.
Geological facts
Peridot is one of the few gemstones that occurs in only one color, though the intensity of green depends on the amount of iron present. Ancient Egyptians called it the 'gem of the sun'.
Field identification & locations
Identified by its distinctive olive-green hue and strong double refraction (doubling of back facets under magnification). Commonly sourced from Arizona (USA), Myanmar, Pakistan, and Egypt.
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