metamorphic
Polished green nephrite jade
Nephrite jade; interlocking tremolite–actinolite amphibole, Ca₂(Mg,Fe)₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness 6–6.5 Mohs; translucent to opaque green with waxy to greasy luster, commonly mottled or fibrous. Tough, non-cleaved overall because of its dense interlocking fibers; specific gravity about 2.9–3.1.
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Physical properties
Hardness 6–6.5 Mohs; translucent to opaque green with waxy to greasy luster, commonly mottled or fibrous. Tough, non-cleaved overall because of its dense interlocking fibers; specific gravity about 2.9–3.1.
Formation & geological history
Forms by metamorphism and metasomatism of ultramafic or carbonate-rich rocks, typically in subduction-related belts. Most gem nephrite is Paleozoic to Cenozoic, though age depends on locality.
Uses & applications
Carved ornaments, beads, cabochons, tools, and decorative objects; historically prized for exceptional toughness. High-quality vivid, evenly colored material is used in jewelry.
Geological facts
Nephrite is one of two jade varieties, the other being jadeite. Its toughness exceeds that of most gemstones, allowing thin carvings and durable tools.
Field identification & locations
Identify by its dense, smooth, waxy surface, subdued fibrous texture, and resistance to scratching; glassy green imitations are often lighter and less tough. Major sources include British Columbia, Wyoming, New Zealand, Siberia, and China.
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