
metamorphic
Polished greenstone (likely nephrite jade)
Nephrite, a fibrous aggregate of amphibole minerals, chiefly tremolite–actinolite, Ca₂(Mg,Fe)₅Si₈O₂₂(OH)₂
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectHardness 6–6.5 Mohs; olive to dark green, waxy-to-vitreous luster, opaque, extremely tough, with no obvious cleavage. The smooth elongated form is shaped and polished, so natural texture is obscured.
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Physical properties
Hardness 6–6.5 Mohs; olive to dark green, waxy-to-vitreous luster, opaque, extremely tough, with no obvious cleavage. The smooth elongated form is shaped and polished, so natural texture is obscured.
Formation & geological history
Forms by metamorphism and metasomatism of magnesium-rich rocks, commonly in subduction-zone settings; deposits range from Paleozoic to much younger. Common sources include China, British Columbia, New Zealand, Siberia, and Wyoming.
Uses & applications
Used for carvings, beads, cabochons, ornaments, tools, and culturally significant objects; high-quality material is valued in jewelry and art.
Geological facts
Nephrite is one of the two materials historically called jade; the other is jadeite. Its interlocking microscopic fibers give it exceptional resistance to breaking.
Field identification & locations
Check for dense feel, very tough edges, waxy polish, and fibrous structure under magnification; hardness and appearance alone cannot distinguish it reliably from serpentine or other green stones, so testing may require specific gravity or spectroscopy.
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