
metamorphic
Polished lapis lazuli and quartz stones
Lapis lazuli: lazurite-rich metamorphic rock, chiefly (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(S,SO)4; quartz: SiO₂
AI-generated identification · may be incorrectBlue stones are lapis lazuli, with deep blue lazurite, white calcite, and occasional pyrite; clear stones are quartz. Both have vitreous to waxy luster; quartz hardness is 7, while lapis lazuli is about 5–5.5, with granular crystal structure and no prominent cleavage.
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Physical properties
Blue stones are lapis lazuli, with deep blue lazurite, white calcite, and occasional pyrite; clear stones are quartz. Both have vitreous to waxy luster; quartz hardness is 7, while lapis lazuli is about 5–5.5, with granular crystal structure and no prominent cleavage.
Formation & geological history
Lapis lazuli formed by contact metamorphism of carbonate rocks, commonly in Precambrian deposits such as Afghanistan’s Sar-e-Sang region; quartz formed from silica-rich fluids or igneous processes. The specimens are tumbled and polished.
Uses & applications
Lapis lazuli is used for beads, carvings, ornaments, and the historic pigment ultramarine; quartz is used in jewelry, décor, glass, electronics, and industrial abrasives.
Geological facts
The strongest blue lapis is generally most valuable, while visible golden pyrite can add appeal; abundant white calcite lowers gem quality. Quartz commonly shows internal fractures and cloudy veils.
Field identification & locations
Identify lapis by its opaque royal-blue color, white calcite veining, and possible metallic pyrite flecks; quartz is transparent to translucent and scratches glass. Common sources include Afghanistan, Chile, Russia, Brazil, and Madagascar.
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