metamorphic

Polished lapis lazuli

Lapis lazuli: lazurite-rich rock, chiefly Na3Ca(Si3Al3)O12S; commonly contains calcite and pyrite

AI-generated identification · may be incorrect

Hardness about 5–5.5 Mohs; vivid ultramarine-blue with pale calcite and dark inclusions, usually dull to vitreous when polished; granular aggregate without cleavage and specific gravity about 2.7–2.9.

Identified September 19, 2026More metamorphic →

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Physical properties

Formation & geological history

Forms by contact metamorphism of silica-rich carbonate rocks, commonly during Precambrian tectonic events; the finest material is associated with Afghanistan’s Hindu Kush deposits.

Uses & applications

Used for beads, cabochons, carvings, ornaments, and historically ultramarine pigment; lower-grade material is used for decorative stone and inlay.

Geological facts

The blue color comes mainly from sulfur-bearing lazurite, while metallic gold flecks are pyrite—not necessarily artificial glitter.

Field identification & locations

Identify it by its opaque blue color, white calcite veining, and occasional brassy pyrite; unlike sodalite, quality lapis commonly shows calcite and pyrite. Major sources include Afghanistan, Chile, Russia, and Pakistan.